FREIBERGER FORSCHUNGSHEFTE C485

Geowissenschaften

Cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy in applied mineralogy

Jens Götze
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERGAKADEMIE FREIBERG

ISBN 3-86012-116-2

Vertrieb: Akademische Buchhandlung
Inh. B. Hackel
Merbachstraße, PF 203

D-09599 Freiberg

Tel.: +49 (0)3731 22198
Fax: +49 (0)3731 22644

Content

1. Introduction 3
2. Basic principles of luminescence 4
2.1. Energy levels, luminescence production and emission spectra 5
2.2. Sensitization and quenching 10
2.3. Types of luminescence excitation 13
3. Cathodoluminescence (CL) 14
3.1. Principles 14
3.2. Instrumentation 15
3.3. General applications 18
4. CL microscopy and spectroscopy of natural minerals 21
4.1. Quartz and other silica modifications 21
4.1.1. Real structure of quartz 21
4.1.2. Luminescence emission in quartz 26
4.1.3. CL behaviour of cryptocrystalline quartz (agate) 31
4.1.4. Applications of quartz CL 36
4.2. Feldspar minerals 42
4.2.1. Crystal structure and chemistry of feldspars 42
4.2.2. Paramagnetic centres in feldspars 45
4.2.3. CL of feldspar minerals 47
4.2.4. REE activated CL in feldspar minerals 60
4.2.5. CL characteristics of plagioclases from lumar soil 67
4.3. Cathodoluminescence investigations of detrital zircons 75
4.4. Other mineralogical applications 84
5. Applications of CL to technical products 89
5.1. Investigation of fly ashs and slags of lignite combustion 90
5.2. Investigation of MgO refractories by optical and spectral CL 98
5.3. Combination of CL microscopy and image analysis 103
5.4. Microstructural investigation into calcium phosphate biomaterials by CL 113
6. Conclusions and perspectives 117
References